Friday, December 11, 2009
Blog Post #13 - Social Psychology
Social influence has to deal with when the population or a group of people that act a certain way because everyone else is doing it and they would rather not feel like an outcast. Many people conform, or adjust their behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. The first example is in school when a teacher asks a question and takes a vote, if the majority of the students raise their hand and one student questions what to say. That student is more than likely going to go with the group decision. The second example is clothing trends. Many people buy clothes from the same stores and wear the same types of clothes. Clothing is a social influence and even if people say they are branching out with their own style, usually it is relatively the same as everyone else.
The most interesting thing I learned was the different cultures and how they affect people and how they look at other people. Many people have different culture influences that vary depending on where you live and how many different cultures are around. A culture is the behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. Many cultures differ in languages, money, sports, food, transportation, and mannerisms. Each cultures has their norms, which is an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. For example, in Arab societies a kiss is often a greeting from one person to another. In other cultures, this is not acceptable and crosses many people's personal space. When exploring a different culture, a person must know the accepted behaviors of another culture. Human nature manifests human diversity.
Blog Post #12 - Psychological Disorders
I have never been around anyone with a psychological disorder or been close to someone with one. The disorder I found really intriguing was bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activites. Alternating between the euphoric, hyperactive, wildly optimistic state of mania to living in slow motion and being depressed signals bipolar disorder. Many bipolar people have extreme mood swings often, sleep problems, and may have thoughts of suicide. I would hate to be bipolar because one day you could be the happiest person in the world and then the next have the worse feelings of worthlessness. I would hate the mood swings and having to hurt others around me that had to deal with it and who were affected by it.
The most interesting thing I learned was schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganzied and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions. There are different subtypes of schizophrenia like paranoid, disorganization, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual. There are early warning signs such as a mother whose schizophrenia was severe and long, separation from parents, disruptive and withdrawn behavior, and emotional unpredicitability. I never knew what schizophrenia actually was and how severe it can actually get. This is one disorder I would never want to have because of the symptoms that it can cause.
Monday, November 23, 2009
Blog Post #11 - Personality
I feel that I am more of a pessimistic person. I always feel like I am thinking ahead about all the negative things that could happen and thinking of ways to prevent them. I feel like this affects my life by always worrying and thinking ahead and possibly getting stressed out. My first example is when I have to take a test in school. I get stressed out and think about all the horrible outcomes of the test. This makes me nervous and sometimes I end up doing not so good because I am worrying too much. My second example is when I go into a new situation that I have never been involved in. Sometimes I think about all the negative things that could possibly happen and it pushes me away from trying new things.
The first trait that can change and adapt from situation to situation would be going from really laid back to being uptight and nervous. When I am in a situation where I feel super comfortable and know exactly what is going on, I am able to be relaxed and laid back. However, when it comes to having to do a speech or enter into a situation that I am unaware of, I get super nervous. It is adaptive because depending on my surrounding and what is going on will decide whether or not I am nervous and worry about things. The second trait would have to be how stressed out I get. I get stressed out super easy,especially at school. However, when I go home I am more at ease. They are two different environments that I adapt to and my personality traits change.
I have used "reaction formation" which is the tendency to act in a manner opposite to one's true feelings. When I was younger and had a crush on a boy, there were many times when you deny it and are mean to that boy because you have a crush on them. I have used "regression" which is relieving anxiety by showing immature behaviors that have relieved anxiety in the past. When I get mad or frustrated with parents or friends, there have been many occasions that I have punched things in my room or threw my cell phone and broke it. I have used "rationalization" which is the providing of socially acceptable reasons for one's inappropriate behavior. I used this when I have argued or been disrespectful to someone because I was standing up for myself or someone else.
Monday, November 16, 2009
Blog Post #10 Thinking and Intelligence
Creativity is the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. There are five different components to creativity. Expertise is a well-developed base of knowledge that furnishes the ideas, images, and phrases we use a mental building blocks. Imaginative thinking skills provide the ability to see things in novel ways, to recognize patterns, and to make connections. A venturesome personality seeks new experiences, tolerates ambiguity and risk, and perseveres in overcoming obstacles. Intrinsic motivation is being driven more by interest, satisfaction, and challenge than by external pressures. A creative environment sparks, supports, and refines creative ideas. If you are surrounded by all these things and contain all these things how can creative can one really be? There are different factors that I can be creative with and not so creative with. In school with projects, posters, and things like the yearbook, I feel I can be super creative with designing things. However, I am only creative if its on the computer or with stencils and what not. I have no artistic ability what so ever. I feel it can be an asset to have a higher creative intelligence. If you are creative in different things it allows you to broaden your horizon and be different than others. It may also allow for more ideas to be brought up that can benefit you.
I thought Sternberg's three intelligences were very interesting and the one I would probably relate too the most. He also states that there is more to success than traditional intelligence. He proposed triarchic theory which consists of analytical (academic problem-solving intelligence) intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence is assessed by intelligence tests which presents well-defined problems having a single right answer. This is the type of intelligence I use in school and work. Creative intelligence is demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas. Practical intelligence is required for everyday tasks, which may be ill-defined with multiple solutions. I use practical intelligence everyday with everyday situations and problems. I think intelligence is a measure of many different thinks not just about book smarts and your IQ.
Thursday, November 5, 2009
Blog Post #9 - Memory
I never realized just how specific and intense the process for memorization actually is. Memory is an unconscious process that can be narrowed down to a three stage model. It begins with information to be retrieved by your senses and registers in your sensory memory. We then encode the information into working or short term memory through rehearsal. From there the information moves into long term memory for retrieving later. We can encode the information automatically, such as what shirt you wore yesterday, or with effort, such as studying for a test. This makes me wonder just how and why I memorize the things I do. Obviously there is no way a person can memorize everything so what sticks out for each item that is memorized. When we did the activity in class when Mrs. Olson read the list of things and I thought she said words she didn't and could only remember certain words. It makes me wonder why I memorized the ones that I did and why not the others? When I did the exercise called "Short Term Memory:Encoding and Rehearsal" it says how most people would memorize words that are spokin that are seen. However, I was able to memorize the words that were written down better than the spoken words.
I found chunking to be very interesting. It is something we use everyday and don't even realize we are doing it especially in school. Chunking is the organizing of items into familiar, manageable units. Chunking can also be used as a mnemonic technique to recall unfamiliar material. The example from the book is ROY G BIV, which helps you memorize the colors of the rainbow. I have used chunking and mnemonic techniques in many of my classes to help me remember and understand concepts for tests and assignments. It is important because people don't even realize they are grouping things together but really it is helping them to recall phrases and words better.
Friday, October 30, 2009
Blog Post # 8
Positive reinforcement is when you increase postive behavior by presenting a positive stimuli. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that when presented after a response can strengthen the response. Negative reinforcement can increase behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that when removed after a response strengthens the response. Be sure to remember that negative reinforcment is not a punishment. A punishment is an event that decrease the behavior that it follows. A punisher is any consequence that decreases the frequency of a preceding behavior. There can be positive and negative punishment. Positive punishment can administer an aversive stimulus and negative punishment can withdraw a desirable stimulus. An example of positive reinforcement in my life would be helping my mom out around the house and doing chores and then in return she pays me an allowance for helping. An example of negative reinforcement when a person is not wearing a seatbelt it dings every minutes very loudly and is super annoying. I then put my seatbelt on to make the annoying sound go away. An example of punishment is most common is my life with my parents. If I receive a bad grade, I will not be able to do anything during the week and instead work on homework. If I am late for curfew, I get punished and I am grounded for a few days.
The most interesting thing I learned was classical conditioning and how you can apply it. Pavlov's experiment was very interesting and it is amazing how we can teach organisms certain behaviors for everything with different stimuli. There are different processes such as acquistion, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination that can be directly related to classical conditioning. Classical conditioning can be applied for different techniques in drug addicts that are recovering, teaching a child to be potty trained, and parents disiplining their children. This changes the way I look at things because you can look at it and decide how certain organisms were taught certain things and how you can teach someone or something that needs to be taught.
Friday, October 23, 2009
Blog Post #7
One of the things that I found interesting about this chapter was the section on hearing loss and the deaf. Conduction hearing loss occurs when the eardrum is punctured or if the tiny bones of the middle ear lose their ability to vibrate, and the ear can no long conduct vibrations. Sensorineural hearing loss happens when there is damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors or their associated nerves. A cochlear implant is the only way to restore hearing for people with nerve deafness and it is also know as a bionic ear. In the close-up article, I was suprised to know that their are 500 million people who live with hearing loss. I was also suprised to read that if yo uare raised in a signing household, you are more likely to express higher self-esteem and feel more acceptable. After reading, this really makes me think about the challenges they face everyday. It also makes me realize how lucky I am and how to many people take, not only hearing, but all their other senses for granted. I can apply this to my everyday life by really being thankful for what I am blessed with. I can also assist those that I come across who are deaf and really try to understand what they are going through.
I read an article called Psychology of Magic: 3 Critical Techniques. In 2007, a group of magicians and psychologists met and talked about the psychological principles they use to produce magic. They aimed to uncover new ways of investigating human thought with behavior. Many psychologists are interested in the principles of magic because many tricks create mind-binding effects that manipulate people's expectations, misdirect their attention, and influence their decisions. All these things are what psychologists are interested in. There are three different techniques they talk about using called psychological misdirection, cognitive illusions, and mental forcing. Psychological misdirection is when the magician points to an object then some sort of gesture distracts the audience and the trick happens. Cognitive illusions are when the magicians uses mental illusions which can fool our attention or play with the way we predict things. They can use smoke and mirrors and other techniques to create the illusions. Mental forcing use different tricks that put the spectator under pressure to answer quickly but the free choice is still emphasized. Many psychologists have begun to use these tricks in their studies to help them learn more about the human brain. This article really makes me want to go to a magic show and really analyze what they are doing. It makes me think how gullable some people can be to these such obvious tricks but yet magicians can still fool everyone. I really don't know how I can apply this to my everyday life other than the fact that if I were to ever see a magic show that I would really try to figure out how each trick works.
Monday, October 12, 2009
Blog Post #6
2.) I agree with the video that in our adolescence, it can be a very hard time with conflicting roles and expectations. Parents must give their children enough psychological space, but still maintain an emotionally close relationship. This can be very difficult when kids grow older and don't want to share everything with their parents, the parents can take it as personal rejection. I think that parents need to give their children enough space to grow up and experience with the good and bad or they will never learn. If they don't learn when they are young and when their parents have some rein on them, when they become older there will be no self control. I think my parents have done a good job raising me with rules, but yet letting me have my independence and experience things. It has shaped me into a better person and helped me realized what I want someday when I become a parent and how I will and will not discipline my children.
3.) I learned how each culture has their norms which are rules for accepted and expected behavior. Everyone around the world has their own cultures and group that evolve and have their norms. It is very important when traveling to other countries, you know what is acceptable and not acceptable. Some cultures may collide and their differing norms may invade our personal space. In our country there are many things that we do that other countries do not do and vice versa. For example, greeting each other with a kiss in one country is weird for Americans in the United States. Many cultures have different religions and morals that they abide by and even families have different standards. The bottom line is if you go somewhere other than your house, you need to know what is accepted and not accepted for behaviors!
4.) One thing that I learned in Chapter 5, is the different parenting styles. The first is authoritarian which is when parents have rules for their children and expect them to follow them exactly. If not, they have punishments for them. The second type they mention is called permissive which is when parent's listen to their children's desires and don't imply many rules or consequences. The last type is called authoritative which is when parents are demanding and responsive. They do explain the reasoning behind their rules and encourage open discussions especially with older children. I feel like my mom is authoritative because she is a stricter parent but always tells me why she gives me certain rules. If I explain to her exactly what I am doing and don't get caught lying, I have more benefits and she becomes more lenient. My mother and I are very close and she always encourages me to have open discussions and tell her what is going on in my life. Overall, sometimes I wish I didn't have such strict rules; however, I feel it has made me a better person with more self control!
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
Blog Post #5 - Nature, Nurture, & Human Diversity
The second thing I read about was peer influences. I feel that our peers have a huge impact on our lives. They state in the book that we seek to fit it with groups and are subject to group influences. I believe this is very true. When you enter preschool, you might like the same foods or play the same games or like the same songs, however, I don't feel that preschool has as much peer influence as high school. When you enter middle school and high school, you tend to be influenced by way more things. The way you dress, who you talk to, your attitude, the choices you make are all peer influenced. Parents can help by choosing your school and neighborhood but they can't pick your friends for you.
I watched the video about Evolutionary Psychology and Sexual Attitudes. They talked about how sex with a male and female is a fertile relationship and that's why more men are attracted to women and vice versa and this is the way humans have evolved. It also talked about how men look for a homemaker and a woman looks for status and resources. I believe this is not true that back in the day women were homemakers but now a lot of women are doing more than just staying home. Some women even provide and the man stays home. Someday I want to be the wife who provides for my family and am independent enough to not have to rely on someone else.
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Blog Post #4 - The Unconsciousness & The Two Track Mind
Monday, September 28, 2009
Blog Post #3 - The Biology of the Mind (Chapter 2)
I learned that we have to look at things closely to make sure our brain is not fooling us. Whether it is the color of something and you need to take into play your surrounding areas. I can apply the blindspot activity to driving everday. Even though a car is in the lane next to me, if there is something in the way my brain is going to tell me there is no car. These activites will really change how I look at things and perceive them. Is my brain trying to trick me or is it actually what I really see?
I have learned in this unit that the brain is way more complex than anyone can imagine. I never knew that we had complex neurons that process information in milliseconds. That is so hard to even understand because nothing in our everyday lives that we encounter is at that speed. I also though it was very intriguing to know how we break down the peripheral nervous system into different movements and glands and then again down into around and calming actions. Everyone knows the brain is very high tech but it's hard to believe all this stuff is going on right now in our brains.
The video "The Man With Two Brains" was so crazy. I never knew something like that was even possible. Performing that kind of surgery just seems so crazy and unreal because of one wrong move could change his life drastically. What is really crazy is how it helped cure him and he did not even know the difference. After watching the video it made me realize how we couldn't draw like he was with the two different shapes. You never think about all the little things until you see something like that. Overall, the video was very imformative and interesting!
Monday, September 21, 2009
Formal Blog #2 - Thinking Critically (Chapter 1)
I read an article called "Mondays Are Not As Depressing As You Think." After the weekend goes by, you end up in school on Monday usually tired and not wanting to be there. Many people think their moods are the best on Friday and Saturday mornings and the worst on Mondays. This study showed that on average a person's mood remained the same throughout the week. This result showed memory bias which meant that when people think of Mondays, stereotypically they think they are depressing. Therefore they recall the worst Monday they have had. When they think of the weekend, stereotypically they think of the most memorable and exciting weekend. I think this is very true that you have a fun weekend and dread Monday even though nothing bad is on Mondays.
One thing I learned is that critical thinking examines the assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. We use critical thinking everyday for all situations. Some people need to use smarter critical thinking skills. Another thing I learned is that an independent variable is the factor in an experiment being studied and the dependent variable is the outcome factor that could change in response to the independent variable. The last thing I learned in this chapter is how our cultures can shape our behaviors. The ideas, behaviors, traditions, and attitudes in a person's culture have a definite influence from one generation to the next.
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
Formal Blog # 1 - The Story of Psychology
Psychology has a huge impact of my life in many ways. It influences my decisions, emotions, and how I respond to things. Not only does it impact me, but everyone around me and how they are towards me. Everyone has a different sense of emotion and personality which affects me and how I need to act towards them.
One thing I learned in my readings was about all the important and different philosphers and psychologists from the past. I had no idea there were that many people in the past who were studying this topic that long ago. It is much easier to study psychology in present day because of the technology and how advanced our society is. In the past one of the main topics was the nature-nuture issue. I learned that this was a debate over whether it is genes or experience that make us develop the traits and behaviors we have.
Another thing that I learned was there are different perspectives on psychology that study and focus on different areas. For example, neuroscience studies how the body and brain work to create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. Social-culture psychology is based off of how human behaviors and thinking abilities vary across different situations and cultures. There are different psychologists that study each of these topics and specialize in certain things.
Monday, September 14, 2009
Introductory Post
I believe the study of psychology is important for many reasons. It has helped humans understand why we do the things we do in life and for what purpose. It can help fight problems and provide treatment. We have a better understanding of our feelings and actions by studying psychology.
I think psychology is the study of how the human mind works and how we act and feel in different situations.